Boheoja is considered as one of the most beautiful Korean Classical Music piece. It has a long history in Korea.
Boheoja was originally introduced to Korea from Song Dynasty (China) during the Goryeo Dynasty era. This song was popular until the Joseon Dynasty as a song favored by the literati and the court. Due to its Chinese origin, this music is categorized as Dangak (唐樂) or "Chinese Music".
Categorized under the class of sa (詩, "shi"; poetry), this music is played along with poetry. This musical piece is introduced with another Chinese repertoire, the Nakyangchun ("Spring in Loyang"). Both of these repertoires are still preserved in Korea but have become extinct in their home country. However, these foreign musics were slowly Koreanized.
Boheoja was first written in a music book for geomungo entitled Geumhapjabo in 1572. Many other music books of the Joseon era also contain Boheoja songs and music such as Sinjeung Geumbo (1680), Hangeum Sinbo (1724), Eoeunbo (1779), and Samjuk Geumbo (1841). Boheoja that survives and is played today is an expanded version of the Samjuk Geumbo music book published in 1841 (19th century).
This music has a slow rhythm. In the past, it was played at palace banquets. According to writings in Goryeosa, Boheoja was originally played to accompany the Oyangseon ("dance of the five angels").
There are 2 versions of Boheoja. First for the orchestra of wind instruments and stringed instruments called Boheosa. Boheosa is the original version consisting of 7 stanzas (stanzas) and 82 lines of verse. The second version is Boheoja which has been shortened to 3 stanzas and 29 lines of poetry.
Musical instruments played in the orchestra include dangpiri (Chinese reed flute), daegeum (large bamboo flute), dangjeok (small Chinese flute), haegeum (two-stringed fiddle), janggu (long drum), jwago (sitting drum), ajaeng (stringed lute), pyeonjong (metal bell) and pyeongyeong (stone bell).
Boheoja means: "walking on air", according to historians related to the theme of Taoism. The lyrics contain the meaning of prayer for the prosperity and peace of the nation. Meanwhile, KBS World translates the title in English as "walking on air", while the National Gugak Center translates it as "pacing the void".
Boheoja lyrics:
步虛子 Part 1 (전단)
1. 天門海日先紅 (천문해일선홍)
2. 絳沙玉斧 瑞氣怡融 (강사옥부 서기이융)
3. 承天歌 奏天樂 (승천가 주천악)
4. 金鳳銀鵝 一叢叢 (금봉은아 일총총)
5. 楊蘭茝 舞廻波 (양란채 무회파)
6. 細細柳 澹澹風 (세세류 담담풍)
步虛子 Part 2 (후단)
1. 九重春色 蟠桃宴 (구중춘색 반도연)
2. 羅衫葉葉 舞一遍 (나삼엽엽 무일편)
3. 再拜陳三顧 (재배진삼고)
4. 一顧 聖壽無疆 (일고 성수무강)
5. 二顧 朝野淸晏 (이고 조야청안)
6. 三顧 句天樂 九如頌 (삼고 구천악 구여송)
English translation by KBS World:
1. As the gate of the sky opens, the sea becomes red,
2. And auspicious air rises from the jade axe in the red sand.
3. As the music of heaven is played in praise of the beauty of the sky,
4. The golden phoenix and silver goose fly off
5. And fragrant orchids dance to the waves.
6. Oh, slender willow leaves, calm winds.
🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹🌹
1. When spring arrives at the heart of the palace, a celebration of heavenly peaches is held.
2. The silk dresses dance like flower petals.
3. Bows twice and makes three wishes.
4. The first wish is for a long, healthy life for the king
5. The second is for transparency and comfort for the royal court and the people
6. The third is for the music of heaven to echo over the entire land
🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺🌺
In the modern era, the instrumental
version of Boheoja is recycled by some musicians in South Korea, among
others, combined with the playing of modern musical instruments such as
piano and violin. The result of the fusion is interesting because it
creates a kind of new sense of fresh classical music. It is also
interesting to the young listener. We can try to listen these version :
By violinist Siyeon Ryu on the album Reminiscence (2014). By pianist Lee Jeong-ho on the album Addition (2014), ""Boheoja (보허자 - 푸른걸음을 걷다)""
By Kim Gyeong-ah on piri and pianist Go Hui-an. References:
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